全國統一熱線：86-021-37652287
小功率單相異步電動機(ji)性能介紹
小功率單相異步電動機性能介紹--上海梁瑾機電設備有限公司,單(dan)(dan)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)一般是指用(yong)單(dan)(dan)相(xiang)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源（AC220V）供電(dian)(dian)的小(xiao)功率單(dan)(dan)相(xiang)異步電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)。這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)通(tong)常在定(ding)子上(shang)有(you)兩相(xiang)繞組(zu)，轉子是普通(tong)鼠(shu)籠(long)型(xing)的。兩相(xiang)繞組(zu)在定(ding)子上(shang)的分布(bu)以(yi)及(ji)供電(dian)(dian)情況的不同(tong)，可(ke)以(yi)產生不同(tong)的起動特性和運行特性。
單相電機，是指(zhi)由220V交流單(dan)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源供電(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)運轉的異步電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)。因為(wei)220V電(dian)(dian)(dian)源供電(dian)(dian)(dian)非(fei)常方(fang)便(bian)經(jing)濟，而(er)且家(jia)庭生(sheng)活用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)也都是220V，所以單(dan)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)不(bu)但在(zai)生(sheng)產上用(yong)量(liang)大，而(er)且也與人們(men)日常生(sheng)活，密切相(xiang)關(guan)，尤其是隨著人民生(sheng)活水平的日益(yi)提高，家(jia)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)設備的單(dan)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的用(yong)量(liang)，也越來越多。
在生(sheng)產方面應(ying)用(yong)的(de)有微型水泵、磨漿機(ji)、脫(tuo)粒機(ji)，粉(fen)碎機(ji)、木工機(ji)械、醫療器械等，在生(sheng)活方面，有電風扇、吹風機(ji)、排氣扇、洗衣(yi)機(ji)、電冰箱等，種類較多，但功(gong)率較小。
工作原理:
當(dang)單相(xiang)正(zheng)(zheng)弦(xian)電(dian)流通過(guo)定子(zi)繞組(zu)時，電(dian)機(ji)(ji)就會產生一個交變(bian)磁(ci)場(chang)(chang)(chang)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)電(dian)容分(fen)相(xiang)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)接線圖(tu)及向(xiang)(xiang)量圖(tu)個磁(ci)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)強弱和方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)隨時間(jian)(jian)作正(zheng)(zheng)弦(xian)規律變(bian)化，但(dan)在(zai)空間(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)位(wei)上是固定的(de)(de)，所以又稱這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個磁(ci)場(chang)(chang)(chang)是交變(bian)脈動(dong)(dong)磁(ci)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個交變(bian)脈動(dong)(dong)磁(ci)場(chang)(chang)(chang)可(ke)分(fen)解為(wei)兩(liang)個以相(xiang)同轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速、旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)互為(wei)相(xiang)反(fan)的(de)(de)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)磁(ci)場(chang)(chang)(chang)，當(dang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)靜止時，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)兩(liang)個旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)磁(ci)場(chang)(chang)(chang)在(zai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)中(zhong)產生兩(liang)個大小(xiao)相(xiang)等、方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)反(fan)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩，使(shi)得合成轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩為(wei)零(ling)(ling)，所以電(dian)機(ji)(ji)無(wu)法旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。當(dang)我們用外力(li)(li)使(shi)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)向(xiang)(xiang)某一方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)時（如順時針(zhen)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)），這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)時轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)與順時針(zhen)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)磁(ci)場(chang)(chang)(chang)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)切割磁(ci)力(li)(li)線運(yun)動(dong)(dong)變(bian)小(xiao)；轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)與逆時針(zhen)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)磁(ci)場(chang)(chang)(chang)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)切割磁(ci)力(li)(li)線運(yun)動(dong)(dong)變(bian)大。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣平衡就打破了，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)所產生的(de)(de)總的(de)(de)電(dian)磁(ci)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩將(jiang)不再(zai)是零(ling)(ling)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)將(jiang)順著推(tui)動(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)起來。
要使(shi)單相(xiang)電(dian)機能自動旋轉起(qi)(qi)(qi)來，我們可在定子中加上(shang)一(yi)(yi)個起(qi)(qi)(qi)動繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)，起(qi)(qi)(qi)動繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)與主繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)在空間上(shang)相(xiang)差90度，起(qi)(qi)(qi)動繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)要串接一(yi)(yi)個合(he)適的電(dian)容，使(shi)得與主繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)的電(dian)流在相(xiang)位上(shang)近(jin)似相(xiang)差
原理(li)圖90度(du)，即所謂的分(fen)相(xiang)原理(li)。這樣兩個在(zai)時間上相(xiang)差90度(du)的電流通入兩個在(zai)空間上相(xiang)差90度(du)的繞組，將會在(zai)空間上產生（兩相(xiang)）旋轉(zhuan)磁場，
在這(zhe)個旋轉磁場(chang)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)，轉子(zi)就能(neng)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)，起動(dong)(dong)(dong)后，待轉速升到(dao)一(yi)(yi)定時(shi)(shi)，借助于一(yi)(yi)個安裝(zhuang)在轉子(zi)上的離心開(kai)(kai)關(guan)或其他(ta)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)控制裝(zhuang)置將起動(dong)(dong)(dong)繞(rao)組斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)，正常工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)只有主繞(rao)組工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。因此，起動(dong)(dong)(dong)繞(rao)組可以做成(cheng)短時(shi)(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)方式。但有很多時(shi)(shi)候(hou)，起動(dong)(dong)(dong)繞(rao)組并不斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)，我們稱(cheng)這(zhe)種電(dian)機為(wei)單相電(dian)機，要改變這(zhe)種電(dian)機的轉向，只要把輔(fu)助繞(rao)組的接線端頭調換一(yi)(yi)下(xia)即可。
在(zai)(zai)單(dan)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機中(zhong)，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)旋轉(zhuan)磁(ci)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)種方法(fa)稱為罩極(ji)(ji)法(fa)，又稱單(dan)相(xiang)罩極(ji)(ji)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機。此種電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機定子(zi)做成凸極(ji)(ji)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，有兩極(ji)(ji)和四極(ji)(ji)兩種。每個(ge)磁(ci)極(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)1/3～1/4全極(ji)(ji)面(mian)處開有小(xiao)槽，把(ba)磁(ci)極(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)成兩個(ge)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)，在(zai)(zai)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)上(shang)套裝上(shang)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)短(duan)路(lu)銅環，好象把(ba)這部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)磁(ci)極(ji)(ji)罩起(qi)來一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)，所以叫罩極(ji)(ji)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機。單(dan)相(xiang)繞(rao)組(zu)套裝在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個(ge)磁(ci)極(ji)(ji)上(shang)，每個(ge)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)圈是串聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)，連(lian)接時必(bi)須使其(qi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)性依次按N、S、N、S排列。當(dang)定子(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)后(hou)，在(zai)(zai)磁(ci)極(ji)(ji)中(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)主磁(ci)通(tong)，根據楞次定律(lv)，其(qi)中(zhong)穿過短(duan)路(lu)銅環的(de)(de)(de)(de)主磁(ci)通(tong)在(zai)(zai)銅環內產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)在(zai)(zai)相(xiang)位上(shang)滯(zhi)后(hou)90度的(de)(de)(de)(de)感應電(dian)(dian)流，此電(dian)(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)通(tong)在(zai)(zai)相(xiang)位上(shang)也(ye)滯(zhi)后(hou)于主磁(ci)通(tong)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用與電(dian)(dian)容(rong)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)繞(rao)組(zu)相(xiang)當(dang)，從而(er)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)旋轉(zhuan)磁(ci)場使電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)起(qi)來。
理論上，如果(guo)采(cai)取措(cuo)施讓(rang)單(dan)相電機兩套繞組中流(liu)過的交(jiao)流(liu)電流(liu)有一(yi)定的相位差就可(ke)以(yi)啟(qi)動(dong)。如何使兩個空(kong)間上已錯開(kai)一(yi)定角度的磁(ci)勢或磁(ci)通之間出現一(yi)定的相位差，這是解決啟(qi)動(dong)問題的出發(fa)點。據此可(ke)將單(dan)相交(jiao)流(liu)異(yi)步電機分(fen)為(wei)分(fen)相式(shi)和罩(zhao)極式(shi)兩大類。
分相式單相電機
分(fen)(fen)相(xiang)式單(dan)相(xiang)電(dian)機利(li)用電(dian)容或電(dian)阻(zu)串人感性啟(qi)動(dong)繞(rao)組(zu)中起到移(yi)相(xiang)作(zuo)用，使啟(qi)動(dong)繞(rao)組(zu)和工作(zuo)繞(rao)組(zu)的電(dian)流(liu)相(xiang)位(wei)錯開(kai)，即所(suo)謂“分(fen)(fen)相(xiang)”。
（1）電容分相單相電機
圖(tu)（a）所示為電(dian)(dian)容(rong)分相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)原理接線。由于電(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)(de)移相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)作(zuo)用(yong)比較(jiao)明(ming)顯，只要在啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)中串人適(shi)當容(rong)量的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)（一般約為20～50μF），就可(ke)使(shi)兩繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位差(cha)接近(jin)于90°，這(zhe)時的(de)(de)合成旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)磁場接近(jin)于圓形旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)磁場，因而啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩大同時啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)流較(jiao)小。這(zhe)種單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)應用(yong)普遍，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)后可(ke)根據需要保留（稱為電(dian)(dian)容(rong)運行電(dian)(dian)機(ji)）或切除（稱為電(dian)(dian)容(rong)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)，由置(zhi)于電(dian)(dian)機(ji)內部的(de)(de)離(li)心(xin)開關執行）。如果需要改變電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)，只需將任(ren)意一個(ge)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)出線端(duan)對調即可(ke)，這(zhe)時兩繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位關系相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)反。
分相式單相電機
（2）電阻分相(xiang)單相(xiang)電機
這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)機啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)匝數(shu)少、導線細，與運行(xing)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)相比電(dian)(dian)抗小、電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)大(da)。采用電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)分相啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)時，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)電(dian)(dian)流超前于運行(xing)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)，合成(cheng)磁場為橢圓度較大(da)的(de)橢圓形(xing)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)磁場，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)矩小，僅用于空載(zai)或輕載(zai)場合，應用較少。電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)分相式單相電(dian)(dian)機的(de)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)一(yi)般按短時工(gong)作(zuo)設(she)計，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)后(hou)由離心開(kai)關(guan)切除，由工(gong)作(zuo)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)維持(chi)運行(xing)。
罩極式單相電機
將定子磁極(ji)的一部分嵌放(fang)短路(lu)銅環或短路(lu)線圈（組）就構成了(le)罩極(ji)式單相(xiang)電(dian)機。罩極(ji)式單相(xiang)電(dian)機包(bao)括凸極(ji)式和(he)隱(yin)極(ji)式兩種類型。
當(dang)定(ding)子繞(rao)組(zu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)以(yi)單相(xiang)交流電(dian)(dian)流后，由它產生的(de)脈振磁場(chang)大(da)部(bu)分(fen)磁通(tong)(tong)(tong)經(jing)過(guo)氣隙直接耦合到轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子上，另有少部(bu)分(fen)磁通(tong)(tong)(tong)則(ze)在穿過(guo)罩(zhao)極(ji)銅環時(shi)產生感應(ying)磁通(tong)(tong)(tong)并與(yu)之合成后經(jing)氣隙進入轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子磁路(lu)。根據楞次定(ding)律(lv)可知，感應(ying)磁通(tong)(tong)(tong)總(zong)是(shi)阻礙(ai)原(yuan)磁通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)變化，且(qie)感應(ying)磁通(tong)(tong)(tong)相(xiang)位(wei)上落后于原(yuan)磁通(tong)(tong)(tong)。這樣就有了兩個在空間上錯開一(yi)(yi)定(ding)角度并且(qie)又有一(yi)(yi)定(ding)相(xiang)位(wei)差(cha)的(de)磁通(tong)(tong)(tong)，合成磁場(chang)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個橢圓度很大(da)的(de)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)磁場(chang)。罩(zhao)極(ji)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)方向固定(ding)由未罩(zhao)極(ji)部(bu)分(fen)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向罩(zhao)極(ji)部(bu)分(fen)，其功率較小，啟動轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)小，結構簡單，價格(ge)低(di)廉(lian)，維護簡便。罩(zhao)極(ji)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)用于小型(xing)鼓風機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)和電(dian)(dian)扇電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)等
1．啟動方式
220 V交流單相(xiang)電機(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)方式大(da)概分以(yi)下幾種：
種，分相(xiang)啟(qi)動式，系(xi)由輔助啟(qi)動繞組(zu)來輔助啟(qi)動．其啟(qi)動轉矩不(bu)大(da)。運(yun)轉速率大(da)致保持定值(zhi)。主要應用于(yu)電(dian)風扇、空調風扇電(dian)動機、洗衣機等電(dian)機。
第(di)二種，電(dian)機靜止時(shi)離(li)心(xin)開(kai)關是接通(tong)的(de)，給電(dian)后啟動(dong)(dong)電(dian)容參(can)與(yu)啟動(dong)(dong)工作，當(dang)轉(zhuan)子轉(zhuan)速達到額定值(zhi)的(de)70%～80%時(shi)離(li)心(xin)開(kai)關便會自動(dong)(dong)跳開(kai)，啟動(dong)(dong)電(dian)容完成任務，并被(bei)斷開(kai)。啟動(dong)(dong)繞(rao)組不(bu)參(can)與(yu)運行工作，而電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機以運行繞(rao)組線圈繼續動(dong)(dong)作。
第三種(zhong)，電(dian)機(ji)靜止時(shi)離(li)心開(kai)關是(shi)接通的，給電(dian)后啟動電(dian)容(rong)參與啟動工(gong)作，當轉(zhuan)子轉(zhuan)速達到額(e)定(ding)值(zhi)的70%～80%時(shi)離(li)心開(kai)關便會自(zi)動跳開(kai)，啟動電(dian)容(rong)完(wan)成任務，并被斷開(kai)。而運(yun)行(xing)電(dian)容(rong)串接到啟動繞組參與運(yun)行(xing)工(gong)作。這種(zhong)接法一般用在空氣壓(ya)縮機(ji)、切割機(ji)、木(mu)工(gong)機(ji)床等負載大(da)而不穩定(ding)的地方。
帶有離(li)心開關的電機，如(ru)果電不(bu)能在很(hen)短時間內啟動(dong)成功，那(nei)么繞組線圈將(jiang)會很(hen)快燒毀。
電(dian)(dian)容(rong)值：雙值電(dian)(dian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)機啟(qi)動電(dian)(dian)容(rong)容(rong)量(liang)大(da)，運行(xing)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)容(rong)量(liang)小，耐壓一般大(da)于400 V。
2．正反轉控制：
帶正(zheng)(zheng)反轉開關(guan)的(de)接線(xian)圖，通常這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)機的(de)起(qi)動(dong)繞組與(yu)(yu)運行繞組的(de)電(dian)阻值是(shi)一樣的(de)，就是(shi)說電(dian)機的(de)起(qi)動(dong)繞組與(yu)(yu)運行繞組是(shi)線(xian)徑與(yu)(yu)線(xian)圈數*一致的(de)。一般洗衣機用得到(dao)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)機。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)正(zheng)(zheng)反轉控制方法簡(jian)單(dan)，不用復雜(za)的(de)轉換開關(guan)。
開關控制正反轉連接
正反(fan)轉控制(zhi)，只需(xu)將1～2線(xian)對調(diao)或3～4線(xian)對調(diao)即(ji)可(ke)完成逆(ni)轉。
對于起動與運(yun)行繞(rao)組的(de)判斷(duan)，通常(chang)起動繞(rao)組比(bi)運(yun)行繞(rao)組直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電阻(zu)大很(hen)多，用(yong)萬用(yong)表可測出。一般運(yun)行繞(rao)組直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電阻(zu)為(wei)幾(ji)歐(ou)(ou)姆，而起動繞(rao)組的(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電阻(zu)為(wei)十幾(ji)歐(ou)(ou)姆到幾(ji)十歐(ou)(ou)姆。
保養(yang)方法:
專業電機保養維修中心電機保養流程：清洗定轉子→更換碳刷或其他零部件→真空F級壓力浸漆→烘干→校動平衡。
1、使用環境應經常保持干燥，電動機表面應保持清潔，進風口不應受塵土、纖維等阻礙。
2、當電動機的熱保護連續發生動作時，應查明故障來自電動機還是超負荷或保護裝置整定值太低，消除故障后，方可投入運行。
3、應保證電動機在運行過程中良好的潤滑。一般的電動機運行5000小時左右，即應補充或更換潤滑脂，運行中發現軸承過熱或潤滑變質時，液壓及時換潤滑脂。更換潤滑脂時，應清除舊的潤滑油，并有汽油洗凈軸承及軸承蓋的油槽，然后將ZL-3鋰基脂填充軸承內外圈之間的空腔的1/2（對2極）及2/3（對4、6、8極）。
4、當軸承的壽命終了時，電動機運行的振動及噪聲將明顯增大，檢查軸承的徑向游隙達到下列值時，即應更換軸承。
5、拆卸電動機時，從軸伸端或非伸端取出轉子都可以。如果沒有必要卸下風扇，還是從非軸伸端取出轉子較為便利，從定子中抽出轉子時，應防止損壞定子繞組或絕緣。
6、更換繞組時(shi)必(bi)須記下原(yuan)繞組的形式，尺寸及匝數(shu)，線規等，當失落了這些(xie)數(shu)據(ju)時(shi)，應向制造廠索取，隨意更改原(yuan)設計繞組，常常使(shi)電動機某項(xiang)或幾項(xiang)性能惡化(hua)，甚至(zhi)于無法使(shi)用。
用途及型號:
由于(yu)(yu)單(dan)相異步電動機只需(xu)要(yao)單(dan)相電源供(gong)電，因此被(bei)應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)生(sheng)產、生(sheng)活等小型設備中(zhong)。但是(shi)由于(yu)(yu)它的各種經濟性能(neng)指標都比(bi)較差，因此只做成小功率的。
我(wo)國生產(chan)的貧(pin)馬力單相(xiang)異步電動機，有(you)如下幾種型(xing)號。
1．BO2系列(lie) 單(dan)(dan)相電阻起(qi)動異步電動機(ji)(ji)。功率在60～370W之間。特(te)點(dian)是(shi)，不外加(jia)任何裂相元件，利(li)用(yong)副繞(rao)(rao)組自(zi)身的電阻而起(qi)動，并利(li)用(yong)離心開關(guan)，起(qi)動結束時將副繞(rao)(rao)組切除。結構(gou)較簡單(dan)(dan)。它具有中等起(qi)動轉矩和過載能力，因(yin)此適用(yong)于小(xiao)型機(ji)(ji)床、鼓(gu)風機(ji)(ji)、醫療機(ji)(ji)械。
2．CO2系列 單(dan)相電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)起(qi)動異步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)。功率在120～750W之間。是利用(yong)外加(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的辦法加(jia)(jia)大起(qi)動轉矩而(er)起(qi)動的單(dan)相電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)。在副繞(rao)(rao)組中串聯外加(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器，并(bing)在起(qi)動結束時用(yong)離心開關將(jiang)副繞(rao)(rao)組及電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器一(yi)(yi)起(qi)從電(dian)(dian)(dian)源切除(chu)，與BO2型一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)，變成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)個只有(you)主繞(rao)(rao)組運行(xing)，而(er)副繞(rao)(rao)組閑(xian)置狀態。電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)起(qi)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)具有(you)較高的起(qi)動轉矩，但過載能力中等水平。適用(yong)于空氣壓縮機(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)冰(bing)箱(xiang)、洗衣(yi)機(ji)、磨粉(fen)機(ji)、脫粒機(ji)、水泵。
3．DO2 單相電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)。是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種利用一(yi)(yi)只(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)參(can)與(yu)起(qi)動及(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)單相電(dian)(dian)機(ji)，副繞組(zu)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器和主(zhu)繞組(zu)一(yi)(yi)起(qi)參(can)加運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)。因此，不需(xu)離心開關。經過適當設計，使電(dian)(dian)機(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)時形成(cheng)理想旋轉磁(ci)場，所以(yi)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)性能(neng)好，效率及(ji)(ji)功(gong)率因數高’噪聲小。其(qi)功(gong)率范圍為(wei)4～250W。由(you)于(yu)采用一(yi)(yi)只(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)來兼(jian)顧起(qi)動及(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)，權衡剎弊因起(qi)動時間很短，只(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)是(shi)在選(xuan)擇(ze)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)值(zhi)時，盡量滿足(zu)較長時間運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)時的(de)(de)需(xu)要，則(ze)選(xuan)取便(bian)宜的(de)(de)小值(zhi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器，所以(yi)這種電(dian)(dian)機(ji)起(qi)動轉矩較低，只(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)用在空載或輕載起(qi)動的(de)(de)機(ji)械中，如電(dian)(dian)風嗣、通(tong)風扇、錄音機(ji)等。
4．雙值電(dian)容(rong)電(dian)機 這種電(dian)機目前我國(guo)沒有(you)正式(shi)型號，但也在生(sheng)產。電(dian)機功率(lv)大(da)750W，或(huo)1kW左右。在國(guo)外還有(you)更大(da)功率(lv)的。由于(yu)功率(lv)較大(da)，所需電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)價格貴得(de)多。這種電(dian)機的起(qi)動(dong)性能及運行性能都較好。話用于(yu)家用電(dian)器(qi)、小型機床。
在線客服